1. Departure
1. The Call to Adventure
The call to adventure is the point in a person's life when they are first given
notice that everything is going to change, whether they know it or not.
2. Refusal of the Call
Often when the call is given, the future hero refuses to heed it. This may be
from a sense of duty or obligation, fear, insecurity, a sense of inadequacy,
or any of a range of reasons that work to hold the person in his or her current
circumstances.
3. Supernatural Aid
Once the hero has committed to the quest, consciously or unconsciously, his
or her guide and magical helper appears, or becomes known.
4. The Crossing of the First Threshold
This is the point where the person actually crosses into the field of adventure,
leaving the known limits of his or her world and venturing into an unknown and
dangerous realm where the rules and limits are not known.
5. The Belly of the Whale
The belly of the whale represents the final separation from the hero's known
world and self. It is sometimes described as the person's lowest point, but
it is actually the point when the person is between or transitioning between
worlds and selves. The separation has been made, or is being made, or being
fully recognized between the old world and old self and the potential for a
new world/self. The experiences that will shape the new world and self will
begin shortly, or may be beginning with this experience which is often symbolized
by something dark, unknown and frightening. By entering this stage, the person
shows their willingness to undergo a metamorphosis, to die to him or herself.
2. Inititation
1. The Road of Trials
The road of trials is a series of tests, tasks, or ordeals that the person must
undergo to begin the transformation. Often the person fails one or more of these
tests, which often occur in threes.
2. The Meeting with the Goddess
The meeting with the goddess represents the point in the adventure when the
person experiences a love that has the power and significance of the all-powerful,
all encompassing, unconditional love that a fortunate infant may experience
with his or her mother. It is also known as the "hieros gamos", or
sacred marriage, the union of opposites, and may take place entirely within
the person. In other words, the person begins to see him or herself in a non-dualistic
way. This is a very important step in the process and is often represented by
the person finding the other person that he or she loves most completely. Although
Campbell symbolizes this step as a meeting with a goddess, unconditional love
and /or self unification does not have to be represented by a woman.
3. Woman as the Temptress
At one level, this step is about those temptations that may lead the hero to
abandon or stray from his or her quest, which as with the Meeting with the Goddess
does not necessarily have to be represented by a woman. For Campbell, however,
this step is about the revulsion that the usually male hero may feel about his
own fleshy/earthy nature, and the subsequent attachment or projection of that
revulsion to women. Woman is a metaphor for the physical or material temptations
of life, since the hero-knight was often tempted by lust from his spiritual
journey.
4. Atonement with the Father
In this step the person must confront and be initiated by whatever holds the
ultimate power in his or her life. In many myths and stories this is the father,
or a father figure who has life and death power. This is the center point of
the journey. All the previous steps have been moving in to this place, all that
follow will move out from it. Although this step is most frequently symbolized
by an encounter with a male entity, it does not have to be a male; just someone
or thing with incredible power. For the transformation to take place, the person
as he or she has been must be "killed" so that the new self can come
into being. Sometime this killing is literal, and the earthly journey for that
character is either over or moves into a different realm.
5. Apotheosis
To apotheosize is to deify. When someone dies a physical death, or dies to the
self to live in spirit, he or she moves beyond the pairs of opposites to a state
of divine knowledge, love, compassion and bliss. This is a god-like state; the
person is in heaven and beyond all strife. A more mundane way of looking at
this step is that it is a period of rest, peace and fulfillment before the hero
begins the return.
6. The Ultimate Boon
The ultimate boon is the achievement of the goal of the quest. It is what the
person went on the journey to get. All the previous steps serve to prepare and
purify the person for this step, since in many myths the boon is something transcendent
like the elixir of life itself, or a plant that supplies immortality, or the
holy grail.
3. Return
1. Refusal of the Return
So why, when all has been achieved, the ambrosia has been drunk, and we have
conversed with the gods, why come back to normal life with all its cares and
woes?
2. The Magic Flight
Sometimes the hero must escape with the boon, if it is something that the gods
have been jealously guarding. It can be just as adventurous and dangerous returning
from the journey as it was to go on it.
3. Rescue from Without
Just as the hero may need guides and assistants to set out on the quest, often
times he or she must have powerful guides and rescuers to bring them back to
everyday life, especially if the person has been wounded or weakened by the
experience. Or perhaps the person doesn't realize that it is time to return,
that they can return, or that others need their boon.
4. The Crossing of the Return Threshold
The trick in returning is to retain the wisdom gained on the quest, to integrate
that wisdom into a human life, and then maybe figure out how to share the wisdom
with the rest of the world. This is usually extremely difficult.
5. Master of the Two Worlds
In myth, this step is usually represented by a transcendental hero like Jesus
or Buddha. For a human hero, it may mean achieving a balance between the material
and spiritual. The person has become comfortable and competent in both the inner
and outer worlds.
6. Freedom to Live
Mastery leads to freedom from the fear of death, which in turn is the freedom
to live. This is sometimes referred to as living in the moment, neither anticipating
the future nor regretting the past.